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KMID : 0988920140120010020
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Intestinal Research
2014 Volume.12 No. 1 p.20 ~ p.33
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Antimicrobial Proteins in Intestine and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Kim Jung-Mogg
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Abstract
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Mucosal surface of the intestinal tract is continuously exposed to a large number of microorganisms. To manage the substantial microbial exposure, epithelial surfaces produce a diverse arsenal of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Thus, AMPs are important components of innate immunity in the gut mucosa. They are frequentlyexpressed in response to colonic inflammation and infection. Expression of many AMPs, including human β-defensin 2?4 and cathelicidin, is induced in response to invasion of pathogens or enteric microbiota into the mucosal barrier. In contrast, some AMPs, including human α-defensin 5?6 and human β-defensin 1, are constitutively expressed without microbial contact or invasion. In addition, specific AMPs are reported to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to altered expressionof AMPs or development of autoantibodies against AMPs. The advanced knowledge for AMPs expression in IBD can lead to its potential use as biomarkers for disease activity. Although the administration of exogenous AMPs as therapeutic strategiesagainst IBD is still at an early stage of development, augmented induction of endogenous AMPs may be another interestingfuture research direction for the protective and therapeutic purposes. This review discusses new advances in our understandingof how intestinal AMPs protect against pathogens and contribute to pathophysiology of IBD. (Intest Res 2014;12:20-33)
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KEYWORD
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Antimicrobial protein, Antimicrobial peptide, Colitis, Inflammatory bowel diseases
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